Migration

In Canada in the large and economically significant Province of Ontario there is an election coming next month to decide who will run Canada’s largest economy, yet the focus is not on recessions and profits, but on who has the right to demand funding for religious schooling in the Province of Ontario.

Since the formation of Canada’s two largest populations in 1867, mostly French speaking Catholics and the British English speaking Protestant populations, there has been a compromise allowing funding for the Catholic school system along with the public system to accommodate the reality of society at the time. The issue is that since 1867 Canada has become one of the most ethnically and religiously diverse populations in the world and in 2007 the country is no longer rooted in the same ethnic heritage as it once was. Despite a 1989 UN report condemning the funding of only one religious group in Ontario, the funding of the Catholic school system and no other system has not seriously been addressed. Despite the current Primier of Ontario being married to a teacher from the Catholic school system and his children attending the same school system, there has not been significant criticism of the current system in the government nor in society as a whole until the official opposition brought the issue to the forum in the current election. The reality is that with severe funding issues in Toronto and other structural issues it will be difficult to change the status quo in education and funding. Despite that, most do agree it is not a just system, but no one dared to change anything about the situation. It went so far that Primier Mcguinty of Ontario is publicising funding for other groups as “Segregation”, but despite all the advantages he personally takes from one religious group having rights above any others, he has labelled a term which honourable people such a Dr. Martin Luther King coined to describe a true tragedy in history and used it to maintain true  segregation in the Province.

“Exaggeration is truth that has lost its temper” - Gibran Khalil Gibran

Difficulties in the Americas does not only stop with public schooling. In California there is a debate about the rights of homosexuals in the private religious schooling systems and if children who do an act against the tenants of the religious group who run the school have a right to attend the school despite their actions being contrary to the basic rules of the religion. While it is really not clear how the situation will turn out, it will most likely depend on the funding status of the school as well as the rights individuals have in a congregation as opposed to rights of an individual.

The real issue at hand in both the above scenarios is what to do with groups which have been in the US and Canada for a short period of time in comparison to other groups and their rights to education for their children. In the case of Ontario, despite some religious affiliations being able to submit to religious tribunals in the Province, when Muslim groups sought to open tribunals based upon Shari’a Law it was denied by public authorities. Many see the denial of religious funding as an issue of denial of funding to Muslim schools as opposed to funding simply non-Catholics. While Jewish, Hindu, and Evangel groups are the vast majority seeking funding for schooling in Ontario, there is some discussion of the issue as being more anti-Muslim as opposed to pro-diversity, even though there are relatively small numbers of Muslims in Ontario compared to other groups in Canada and similar countries in Europe. While the debate is not clearly defined yet in the election campaign due Oct 10th in Ontario, a reflection of the issue is taking place currently in New York State.

Opening this week is the Khalil Gibran International Academy, which is rooted in the study of Arabic culture and literature. Despite concerns about the Academy being a school to teach radical Islam to young children by paranoid people in the community via public funding, the reality is that Arabic culture is as diverse as anywhere else in the world and is not solely rooted in Radicalism or even Islam itself. Gibran, a resident of New York an immigrant from Lebanon of Christian origin in the early 20th Century is one of the most well known poets in Middle Eastern literature and is studied by most of the groups residing in the Middle East and abroad. Paranoia about education serves in all these instances above as a disservice to those who seek to study the tradition of one culture yet must gain permission from others who do not wish to acknowledge equality in education. Often the criticism comes from groups beyond those who currently do not possess the rights and power to educate their children in any fashion they see fit with full public support. Education is power when the rights to disagree still allows to have the maturity to fund schools and education in a community, even if you do not agree with it or as seen above, understand it. Anyone who read Gibran before would note this debate his words:

“I love you when you bow in your mosque, kneel in your temple, pray in your church. For you and I are sons of one religion, and it is the spirit” - Gibran Khalil Gibran

Anyone who has passed into Britain from Europe were surprised to see one if not several border checks entering the UK from the Eurostar and numerous Ferries passing through Britain and the Continent. Much of the fuss came from the realization that many of the UK’s migrants came from other developed countries in Europe, most notably the border crossings between the UK and France. While many of the Ferries were shut down and border security heightened on open ports, concerns still exist that waves of illegal migrants are making the crossing to Britain via France’s Ferries, lorries and trains.

Near the town of Cherbourg in Western France there is a human rights debate among French officials about refugee camps in the area which were seen as a major jumping point for refugees heading to the UK. While many see the camps as requiring more attention and facilities being required to keep it to the standard of basic human rights, others see them as the main cause for migrants coming to the UK and wish them to be moved or closed. In reality, with much conflict in areas of the world such as Iraq and Afghanistan and economic migrants from Iran and Syria and other places also making their journey to the coast of France, the issue is most likely to become greater as tension rise abroad. It is claimed that people are arrested daily in their attempts to make it to the UK from the French costal towns.

Much of the issue in towns like Calais and Cherbourg however is that number of smugglers who help migrants make it to the UK with much ease according to UK officials. While the French government vowed to stop making more camps and crack down on smugglers, it seems that demand is ever-growing with troubles in Iraq and Afghanistan the policy may not meet the needs of governments, nor refugees.

Many in Africa and Eastern countries know Athens and Greece as the unofficial gateway to Europe. Many of the migrants coming from the Middle East, Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe often make their way to Greece to gain funds and documentation to start a life in Europe through making their living in the crowded and multicultural streets of Athena. While living in Greece is a great opportunity for many, Greeks themselves bear the burden of processing, living with and administering much of the immigration coming to Western Europe through their ancient and proud state and culture.

On occasion the tensions of so many migrants can put a great burden on the government and institutions of society. As mentioned in the last few postings by my wonderful colleague Cathryn Cluver, countries such as Syria and Jordan are doing their best to accept and integrate more than 2 million refugees from Iraq, but their social infrastructure, economy and residents can only absorb a certain number of people until it becomes unbearable. Like Jordan’s refusal to accept more refugees in large numbers, and Syria issuing a Visa program for future migrants from Iraq, any country which has a disproportionate number of migrants coming in a short period of time will have problems digesting and equipping new citizens and residents into mainstream society in a proper manner.

While the Iraqi refugees are more likely now to flood into to Greece, issues in Greece may make life for migrants even more difficult. It is suspected that the cause of the massive fires in Greece this summer was started by an Iraqi migrant. As well, the death of a legal Nigerian migrant this past week in Athens made many Nigerians in Greece protest their ill treatment living in the ancient city.

With Athens being the gateway from the east to the west, the structure and society of Greece will likely accommodate and occasionally slightly implode based upon migration issues creating tension in Greece and neighboring nations…one constant however is that Greece will remain as the meeting point for many cultures in the years to come as it has been in its golden age.

This week’s news roundup is short, but not on account of the fact that we have little to say, or that there is little to report - it’s primarily due to tricky technology - but on to the news:

The growing number of Iraqi refugees might soon have even fewer places to flee to, as Syria announced it would start introducing mandatory visas from September 10. Neighboring Jordan has essentially already closed down its borders to Iraqi migrants, though no similar visa scheme has been introduced. European countries have also all but replaced their borders with a wall, when it comes to Iraqis fleeing the hardship of ongoing civil war and military occupation. This newest Syrian initiative could also affect visa regulations for the United States, as the New York Times goes on to say: “The beginning of a visa program in Syria could present serious obstacles for the American program to resettle refugees in the United States because Iraqis are required to be interviewed by American immigration authorities outside Iraq. The United States is considering Iraqi candidates for refugee status from countries in the region, but the overwhelming majority are in Syria and Jordan.” More on this story can also be found in the Sept. 4 edition of the Financial Times.

• Ahead of the EU-Neighborhood Summit in Brussels, Foreign Affairs Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner has called for the creation of “mobility partnerships” to facilitate legal access to EU territories for migrant workers from countries that are a part of the official European Neighborhood Policy. She shared her thoughts at a speech at Bucerius Law School in Hamburg.
• The Center for Immigration Studies, a self-proclaimed “pro-immigrant, low-immigration think-tank which seeks fewer immigrants but a warmer welcome for those admitted” has published a new study, according to which the current level of net immigration (1.25 million a year) will add 105 million to the nation’s population by 2060. While immigration makes the population larger, it has a small effect on the aging of society. In an article in the International Herald Tribune, Mark L. Haas is an assistant professor of political science at Duquesne University, looks at the effects a changing demographic landscape could have on future US policies and suggests that “To protect its international security, the United States needs to maintain its enviable demographic position. Specifically, it should reduce Social Security and Medicare payments to wealthier citizens, raise the retirement age to reflect increases in life expectancies, maintain largely open immigration policies, and, above all, restrain the rising costs of its healthcare system. A defining political question of the 21st century is whether American leaders have sufficient political will and wisdom to implement these and related policies. Failure to do so will significantly jeopardize future levels of America’s global influence and safety.”
• The UNHCR has developed a range of teaching materials to help educators address the issues of refugees and migration with students.
• And finally, two pamphlets/books worth reading: The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) has published two recent, topical publications on the issue of migration. First, Sergio Carrera and Elspeth Guild outline the main contents of the EU proposal to sanction employers of irregular migrants by looking at the obligations and sanctions applicable to the employer, the procedures foreseen for the presentation of complaints as well as the set of guarantees provided to the third country national worker. The authors analyze its added value and compatibility with some general principles of European Union law. In a Policy Brief, Carrera and Florian Geyer examine the compromise reached on the future of the EU Treaty from Justice and Home Affairs perspective. With the formal scrapping of the ‘pillar structure’, this policy field will be among those most fundamentally changed by the new framework. By presenting these changes and highlighting the great number of exceptions and derogations, the authors assess the potentially serious implications of the Reform Treaty for the common EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and offer some suggestions to help avoid the inherent hazards.

So much news this week and much of it not good: In Iraq, local authorities grappling with the large number of internally displaced people, as sectarian violence exacerbates. Still no light at the end of the tunnel for Zimbabwe, which has seen a mass exodus of its citizens to South Africa. Meanwhile, authorities there are trying to come to grips with how to categorize these migrants - as refugees? As economic migrants? Where to house them? What to do? Politicians and authorities in Germany have spent the week looking for answers on another pressing question: How to address overt racial violence in Eastern Germany? The attacks on eight Indian migrants in the tiny Saxon town of Muegeln is cause for more than just concern. Thank goodness, there’s positive news from Denmark, where a new integration scheme seems to be pedalling things in the right direction.

• The International Herald Tribune features a new series of articles on those internally displaced as a result of continued fighting in Iraq. We have covered the tenuous situation these migrants face in numerous stories on this blog, including the unwillingness of many European countries to accept additional Iraqi migrants or offer them protection in the first place. Now, it seems, certain Iraqi provinces are doing the same: “governmental and relief offices (report) that some provinces have refused to register any more displaced citizens or will accept only those whose families are originally from the area.” Read the IHT’s coverage here, here and here.
• In an somewhat related story, the United States has been forced to pay $250,000 in compensation to a recognized Iraqi refugee for wrongful detention back in 2003.
• In last week’s news roundup, we featured one of the many stories about Elvira Arellano, who quickly became a figurehead of the immigrant rights movement in the United States, when she staged a protest against her deportation while seeking refuge in a church. She has since been deported to Mexico, where she was subsequently arrested. Her young son - an American citizen - remains in the United States. Hundreds of supporters took to the street in LA to rally for her cause and those of thousands of other migrants like her.
• Following up on another of last week’s stories, the UN refugee chief has said that setting up refugee camps for Zimbabweans fleeing their country to South Africa was not the answer. In an Associated Press article, Antonio Guterres said that “only those who had never lived in camps would advocate such a solution.” He also said that action had to be taken, despite the fact that the majority of these migrants were economic, rather than political refugees. The South African government has been under increasing international pressure to react to this exacerbating situation.
• European governments are arguing their strategies toward reducing African migration to the continent are working: an article in this weekend’s New York Times reports that the number of migrants landing on European shores has been cut by a third. EU leaders link this decline in part to the launch of FRONTEX and to a number of legal changes that facilitate access to Mediterranean countries. These claims, of course, must be set against a recent news from the UNHCR, according to which at least 10,000 people have died trying to reach Europe’s “safe haven”. UNHCR representative Paolo Artini delivered his assessment to a hearing at the European Parliament in early July, where he criticized Member States’ inability to agree on burden sharing mechansims. Additional information can be found here (in German) and here.
• As we recently reported, a number of trade unions in Germany have been putting pressure on the government to ease up on labor mobility restrictions to allow qualified personnel to fill currently existing gaps in the labor economy. Following the European Union’s 2004 enlargement wave, the German government (along with a number of others) had insisted on a ban on workers from Eastern Europe moving to Germany, in part because of the high unemployment rate. The government has reconsidered this earlier decision, perhaps in part due to rising public pressure, but largely, because of economic necessity, as Judy Dempey reports in the New York Times.
• Those of you lucky enough to subscribe to the Financial Times will be privvy to a full article on European immigration flows, published early last week. The article refers to recent Goldman Sachs research on population mobility to Europe’s “core”, i.e. the old Member States. Seemingly flying in the face of those that the adverse effects of demographic change cannot be weakened by immigration, the article notes that migration to the EU15 had added “an estimated 8.7m people to their populations. Between 2001 and 2005, relative to the population, these 15 countries experienced net migration of 0.5 per cent per year on average – more than the US and far higher than the rate over the previous 40 years. But net migration into the larger EU25, which includes newer central and eastern European members, was slightly higher over the period at 8.8m. This suggests the underlying impetus came from workers entering the market from outside Europe, rather than from new EU members.”
• Australia has introduced a new citizenship test, which includes specific questions to test “mateship”. What’s that, you ask? It is a heavily criticized concept encompassing “tolerance, compassion, freedom of speech, freedom of religion and secular government, equality of men and women and peacefulness”. The test goes on to say that “Australia has a strong tradition of mateship in which people help and receive help from others voluntarily, especially in times of adversity.” According to the BBC, the idea of “mateship” caused a stir in 1999, when voters rejected an attempt by Prime Minister John Howard to have the concept written into the preamble to the constitution. It was criticised as too sexist, or inappropriate for a formal document.
• Integrating into a new society can be as easy as riding a bike, at least in Denmark. Riding a bike is a quintessential to being Danish as speaking the language and so the country’s Red Cross has taken to teaching immigrants how to cycle, the SPIEGEL reports (in English). “Students come to learn to ride a bike not only for convenience, but also to help them get jobs. For example, the Danish Ministry of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs has a program in place that encourages and subsidizes immigrants and refugees who would like to become social health workers, and work in places such as elderly homes. One recent change in the government’s program is a requirement that the job applicant has a certificate saying that he or she can ride a bike.”
• And much to my disliking, I have to end this week’s newsroundup by featuring a number of links on the racist hate crimes in Eastern Germany, which have not only shocked the country, but the world. Last Sunday, in what can only be described as a manhunt, eight Indian immigrants were driven through the streets of the tiny East German town of Muegeln, verbally harassed and beaten to a pulp by a suspected group of neo-Nazis. Police intervened and a number of suspects arrested. Politicians and authorities have spent much of the week looking for answers as to the identity of the perpetrators of this heinous crime, as well as to the question why nobody intervened. The English edition of Der Spiegel has full coverage of the story here and a roundup of reader reactions to the crime here. Commentary from the national and international press can be found here.

Since 1954, there has been a decline in the vision of America as a liberator of nations and people as they were known for in the Second World War and the Korean Conflict and their anti-colonial position after 1945.  Since 1954, the realization that US Foreign Policy could do more harm than good was defined in Guatemala where the CIA helped oust democratically elected leader Jacobo Arbenz in a coup and installed a military leader Colonel Armas on behalf of the United Fruit Company. United Fruit feared that land reforms by Arbenz would lead to expropriations by the government and hurt United Fruit who owned the majority of Guatemala’s rural farm production and was one of the top banana producers worldwide at the time. The CIA actively aided United Fruit by overthrowing the government and labelling Arbenz and communist and using force to remove Arbenz from power. It resulted in decades of human rights abuses and dictatorships in Guatemala and still produces much conflict today in Guatemala with the Chiquita company, the altered name of United Fruit Co.

While the US has assisted greatly in places like Korea, Japan and Bosnia in the last fifty years, the interference by US Foreign Policy in places where the objective was unclear or stability of government to achieve an economic or political objective took precedent over natural power trends and democratic movements in the country often resulted in disasters inside the US and abroad.

Unclear objectives were part of the conflict in Vietnam and were inherited by the War in Iraq and subsequent civil war that has commenced in what is currently the most dangerous place in the world. It was finally admitted this week that the Iraqi Government will likely not be able to manage the future situation in the country, and unlike in Vietnam where Saigon was taken by the communist forces, Iraq has nothing but splinter groups who will push the country further into anarchy.

Stability of governments to meet an objective was also a strong motivation for US involvement. While in cases such as Bosnia where the objective was clear and noble, other cases such as those in Latin America often produced hundreds of thousands of refugees as well as one party states to ensure stability in the region. The trend and methods in the Guatemalan case spread most notably in Chile in 1973 where Agusto Pinochet was able to murder his democratically elected opposition with CIA aid and ensure his dictatorship until the late 1990s. The 80s saw more bloodshed with support for traditional leaders in Nicaragua and El Salvador who are still suffering from effects of the conflict to date.

Until Iraq, the activities of the US were seen as becoming more as a policing duty as in the Balkans as opposed to producing coups like in Guatemala and Chile. In the 90s, Colombia and the War on Drugs brought US aid to the conflict, albeit more debatable in its result as FARC and other groups often do not represent the people of Colombia, but took to kidnapping western oil workers in the region and contributed to hurting locals in Colombia which have suffered greatly from instability over more than two decades. While the US was not the aggressor in many cases in the Andean region, companies were seen to abuse their position in developing regions but without direct US support for the companies, but only military aid to democratically elected Colombian government officials. These conflicts continue to plague Colombia to this day.

In the end despite moral and immoral activities by the US, the result for many errors in US foreign policy has been a reflection of the errors committed in Guatemala in 1954. Millions of refugees have fled Iraq, Colombia, Vietnam, Chile, Central America and Guatemala of course due to poor decisions and sometimes active punishment of those in opposition. Many of these individuals live in your communities today, and are a reflection of why choosing leaders and their decisions do make a difference to the health of communities worldwide.

Please refer to Kyle de Beausset’s articles on the Chiquita Bananna Boycott and his article on Illegal Aliens and Guatemala.

  Jacobo Arbenz: Elected Leader or Communist? The Media Decides… 

This week’s news roundup features stories on a new wave of highly-skilled migrants in newly developed countries, an update on the US’ current most prominent immigrant activist and a look at how remittances are impacting the global economy:

• The New York Times features an article on the mobility of skilled and highly-qualified migrants, who now constitute 69% of global workers on the move. Increasingly, Westerners are moving to former developing countries as new career possibilities emerge in sectors that have long since become established and in some cases less lucrative in their own societies.
• Illegal immigrant Elvira Arellano, who has become a symbol of the immigrant rights movement has been deported to Mexico, after weeks spent in refuge in a Chicago church. There she protested her deportation and separation from her US-born son. Arellano’s story is just one of the many similar fates we have chronicled in the pages of this blog. A can watch a local CBS report on her situation by clicking on this link.
• Again, tragic news from the Canary Islands. Der SPIEGEL reports that another 10 would-be migrants have died off the coast of Spain. Authorities brought 15 refugees to safety, who reported that they had to throw ten bodies - among them two children - overboard, when their fellow passengers died as a consequence of starvation, dehydration and overall exhaustion.
• The Economist covers the plight of many Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa. Over 3m Zimbabweans are thought to have left their homeland (out of a population of 13m), most of them for South Africa. Many are fleeing for purely economic reasons, as Zimbabwe struggles with an 80% unemployment rate - others are political refugees, their bodies covered with signs of torture. South Africa, so the journal reports, is struggling to accomodate the thousands of migrants, which have made it across the border over the past months and problems are set to rise, as a key river bed, which used to deter migrants from risking the trip has now run dry, facilitating illegal border crossings. <>
• <>Remittances have been back in the news recently. Over on the FPA’s Mexico blog, our fellow blogger Rohini Gupta reports that Mexican migrants seem to be sending home less money than in previous years. We featured a similar story a few weeks back. The International Herald Tribune took a closer look at the global impact of remittances, which “are larger than direct foreign investment in Mexico, tea exports in Sri Lanka, tourism revenue in Morocco, and revenue from the Suez Canal in Egypt,” according to World Bank economist Dilip Ratha.
• While most of Europe faces a dramatic demographic downturn, which will put a squeeze on established pension systems, Ireland is looking at a population boom, partially due to the country’s economic growth, partially due to a larger number of migrants over the past few years. Thus, the country has been increasing its integration efforts, as the International Herald Tribune reports.

To many, the State of Israel and the territory beforehand has always been a place which has taken in more foreign nationals, pilgrims, refugees, colonial citizens and even Crusaders, Greeks and Roman Legions in its long and turbulent history than any other place in the world. Before 1948, the territory called Palestine was taken by the British, before the Ottomans as well as European Crusaders and numerous ancient powers in the region. Since 1948, Jewish settlers from Europe, the Middle East and other parts of the world have built the State of Israel, in the process taking in most of its initial population from the 1920s until the 1980s as migrants from all around the world. While the vast majority of these people are Jewish from many countries worldwide, Israel has also taken in other non-Jewish people such as Baha’i and other smaller minorities from around the world.

CNN’s program Impact this week has addressed another refugee crisis affecting Africa and Israel these past few months. Many refugees from Africa who have traditionally become victims of civil strife and lack of economic opportunities in their own countries have traditionally tried to make it to Europe or other countries in the Middle East. Now many African migrants have chosen Israel as a place to gain refugee status. With difficulties processing migrants in Southern Europe and countries such as Yemen and Saudi Arabia, Israel has been challenged to process many African migrants passing through the porous Egyptian border in through the Sinai Desert towards Israel.

As discussed in the International Herald Tribune this week, a new debate has arisen in Israel about African refugees. The crisis in Darfur, which has gone for years without any real assistance from Europe and the United States has become a real issue in Israel. Many of the asylum seekers coming to Israel are not economic migrants, but are coming from the region of Darfur making the deadly voyage through the African deserts towards Israel. While in Israel many see the state as being created from the refugees of the Holocaust, there is also a strong realisation that Israel with its sensitive economy, relatively small population and other uniquely Israeli burdens may not be the best country to try to deal with large refugee crisis such as Darfur, especially when none of the major international players have made any serious efforts to try to resolve the crisis in Darfur. While it was not seen to be a realistic action to be taken by the Israeli government, it was decided this past week that Israel would no longer be accepting refugees from Darfur, but would allow those already in Israel to stay.

The lack of action by the International Community who is often concerned with the stability in the Middle East is becoming a major crisis in the region. Israel, while being one of the smallest countries in the region would likely have a lot of difficulties being one of the only countries to accept Darfur refugees with no assistance in aiding those lucky to make it to Israel from other countries. A similar crisis in Jordan and Syria also reflects the lack of assistance from the International community, absorbing more than 2 million Iraqis with little help from the International community except for a request in the UN to absorb more individuals in countries with little extra resources or space. While terrorism and extremism have always been the characteristic terms defining the Middle East, the real issue in the region is and was always based upon the crisis of refugees eternally roaming the deserts to find a peaceful life.

Marina Nemat has just published her book The Prisoner of Tehran on her time as a political prisoner in Iran in the 1980s. In her time there she was arrested for having negative views of the Revolution of 1979 and was put in prison for many years. Her perspective is an interesting one, as one of her interrogators, who was a political prisoner himself under the Shah became her husband in the end. While she was forced to marry him, there was some respect between the couple and the views he held as a prisoner himself. In the end Marina was released from prison and while all these years she has refrained from telling her story, in her book she reveals for the first time her life as a political prisoner. Marina now lives in Canada.

With the problems in Iraq and throughout the Middle East, the influence of Iran on communities and individuals linked with Iran is growing, and while many Iranians are members of some of the most successful and peaceable communities abroad, the effect of the Government has often impacted many Iranians inside Iran like Marina Nemat as well as Iranians and other people outside of Iran in a negative fashion.

Like Marina, Zahra Kazemi a Canadian journalist who was born in Iran, was also arrested during her time in Iran. Despite her being a foreign national, she was taken as a prisoner for reporting the wrong information about the government in Iran. She was consequently raped and killed in a way to disrespect her in the most brutal manner and then publicized to have perished due to an illness during her time in prison. While her son pushed for recognition and action to be taken in honour of his mother, very little was done in regard to the issue.

This week the International Herald Tribune published an article concerning the Jewish Community of Argentina’s troubles with the ever growing relationship between Argentina and Venezuela. The concern is one involving economy and terrorism as President Hugo Chavez, who provides much of Argentina’s energy in the current energy crisis there, has made overwhelming gestures towards the Iranian Government in order to increase ties with another oil producing nation as well as spite the United States. What worries Argentine Jews is the fact that the bombing of the Jewish Community Centre in Buenos Aires a few years ago which killed more than 50 people and wounded 200 was sponsored by the Iranian Government and members of Hizbollah according to the article. The influence of Iran via Venezuela towards Argentina who has the largest Jewish population in Latin America is a great worry to the victims of the bombings in Buenos Aires and Argentines as a whole.

In a final article from the New York Times, American soldiers in Iraq increasing claim to find support of insurgents by Iran. While there have been many small stories and rumours about Iran’s involvement in Iraq, the support of Hizbollah in Lebanon and political difficulties in that country may be a reflection of the ever growing influence of Iran abroad. While the true actions of Iran in Iraq and abroad are never clear to observers, it is something that the region and world community will eventually need to address in the near future.

While Iranian people in Iran and in the Diaspora have contributed greatly to communities all around the world in which they live, some aspects of a future Iran should be considered in the context of their ever-growing influence. It is unknown what responses people in Iran and abroad may take to actions by the Iranian Government, but with the positive and negative presence and influence of Iranians and Iran abroad the result is sure to be one of great interest.

Middle Class Baghdadi Amira ended up in Jordan after losing her husband, losing her family assets and losing her security in the city she grew up in. Despite having a privileged destiny in Iraq, she now sells food on the streets of Amman, Jordan.

More than 2 million Iraqis have fled to Syria and Jordan since 2003. In a New York Times article this week journalist Sabrina Tavernise points out that many of those who fled to Jordan were educated middle class Iraqis, who fled to Jordan because of the conflict in Iraq and assumed that their assets would allow them to live somewhat comfortably abroad. With living expenses further reducing their remaining funds, many of these formerly well off individuals are slowly slipping into poverty. Part of the problem is that while early on the Jordanians did allow Iraqi professionals to register and work in their professional associations, the large influx of individuals has saturated the economy of the small Jordanian nation. Similar situations abound in Syria, with most refugees moving into larger centers like Damascus, complete areas of town have become filled with refugees coming from their border with Iraq with no jobs available to sustain their community.

While Jordan and Syria have been doing all possible to assist and give rights to work to incoming Iraqis, with appx.10% of the 2 million Iraqis newly living in Amman just in the last 5 years it is impossible for the two small nations to successfully absorb them into their economy. The international community needs to recognize that the crisis in Iraq despite all positive efforts requires more than aid agencies to help the overwhelming refugee crisis in not only Iraq, but Jordan and Syria as well. While Iraq is one of the worst modern refugee crisis it also is a crisis of the quickly disappearing middle class of a country who are essentially the only ones who could give a real future economy and society to a combined state of Iraq. Iraqi professionals have always been known as some of the most well educated and experienced professionals in the Middle East. Western countries need to address the crisis by taking Iraqis into their own nation to work and live at this point in the crisis. With Iraq in shambles and many considering the crisis being one that was preventable, the only future Iraq has is one that its neighbors and friends abroad can give them outside of an Iraq in turmoil.

For Podcast and Video, please see the New York Times article here.